SAP Common Interview Questions

Q.       What is SAP R/3?

Ans      SAP R/3 refers to Systems Application and Product for data processing Real-time having a 3 tier architecture i.e. Presentation layer, Application layer and Database layer.

Q.         What are the contents in technical specifications?

Ans      There are five contents in Technical Settings: Data Class, Size Category, Buffering Permission, Buffering Type and Logging.

Q.        What is an instance?

Ans      When you call a function module, an instance of its function group plus its data, is loaded into the memory area of the internal session. An ABAP program can load several instances by calling function modules from different function groups.

Q.         What is Function group? Difference between function group and function module?

Ans      Function Groups act as containers for Function Modules that logically belong together.

            Function Groups                                  

1)      These cannot be defined in a Function Module.

2)      It cannot be called.

3)      They are containers for Function Module.

           Function Modules

                1)      These must be defined in a Function Group.

2)      It can be called from any program.

3)      They are not containers for Function Group.           

 Q.         What is the difference between 'Select single * ' and 'Select upto 1 rows'?

Ans      ‘Select single *’ – The result of the selection should be a single entry. If it is not possible to identify a unique entry, the system uses the first line of the selection. For e.g.   

            DATA : ITAB TYPE ZREKHA_EMP. 

            SELECT SINGLE * FROM ZREKHA_EMP INTO ITAB

           WHERE EMPNO = ‘00101’ AND DEPTNO = ‘0010’. 

            WRITE : / ITAB-EMPNO, ITAB-EMPNAME,ITAB-DEPTNO. 

            Select upto 1 rows -

 Q.         What Function does data dictionary perform?

Ans.      Central information repository for application and system data. The ABAP Dictionary contains data definitions (metadata) that allow you to describe all of the data structures in the system (like tables, views, and data types) in one place. This eliminates redundancy.

Q.         Difference between domain and data element? What are aggregate object?

Ans      Domain - Specifies the technical attributes of a data element - its data type, length, possible values, and appearance on the screen.Each data element has an underlying domain. A single domain can be the basis for several data elements. Domains are objects in the ABAP Dictionary.

             Data Element - Describes the business function of a table field. Its technical attributes are based on a domain, and its business function is described by its field labels and documentation.

            Aggregate Object – Views, Match Code and Lock objects are called aggregate objects because they are formed from several related table.

Q.        What is view? Different types of view. Explain?

Ans      View - A view is a virtual table containing fields from one or more tables. A virtual table that does not contain any data, but instead provides an application-oriented view of one or more ABAP Dictionary tables.

             Different Types of View:

               1)      Maintenance

               2)      Database – It is on more than two tables.

              3)      Projection – It is only on one table.

Q. What is step-loop? Explain all the steps?

Ans A step loop is a repeated series of field-blocks in a screen. Each block can contain one or more fields, and can extend over more than one line on the screen.

Step loops as structures in a screen do not have individual names. The screen can contain more than one step-loop, but if so, you must program the LOOP...ENDLOOPs in the flow logic accordingly. The ordering of the LOOP...ENDLOOPs must exactly parallel the order of the step loops in the screen. The ordering tells the system which loop processing to apply to which loop. Step loops in a screen are ordered primarily by screen row, and secondarily by screen column.

Transaction TZ61 (development class SDWA) implements a step loop version of the table you saw in transaction TZ60.

Static and Dynamic Step Loops

Step loops fall into two classes: static and dynamic. Static step loops have a fixed size that cannot be changed at runtime. Dynamic step loops are variable in size. If the user re-sizes the window, the system automatically increases or decreases the number of step loop blocks displayed. In any given screen, you can define any number of static step loops, but only a single dynamic one.

You specify the class for a step loop in the Screen Painter. Each loop in a screen has the attributes Looptype (fixed=static, variable=dynamic) and Loopcount. If a loop is fixed, the Loopcount tells the number of loop-blocks displayed for the loop. This number can never change.

Programming with static and dynamic step loops is essentially the same. You can use both the LOOP and LOOP AT statements for both types.

Looping in a Step Loop

When you use LOOP AT <internal-table> with a step loop, the system automatically displays the step loop with vertical scroll bars. The scroll bars, and the updated (scrolled) table display, are managed by the system.

Use the following additional parameters if desired:

• FROM <line1> and TO <line2>
• CURSOR <scroll-var>

Q. What is the initial value and maximum length of all data type?

Ans

Data Type	Initial field length	Valid field length	Initial value	Meaning
Numeric types
I	4	4	0	Integer (whole number)
F	8	8	0	Floating point number
P	8	1 – 16	0	Packed number
Character types
C	1	1 – 65535	' … '	Text field (alphanumeric characters)
D	8	8	'00000000'	Date field (Format: YYYYMMDD)
N	1	1 – 65535	'0 … 0'	Numeric text field (numeric characters)
T	6	6	'000000'	Time field (format: HHMMSS)
Hexadecimal type
X	1	1 – 65535	X'0 … 0'	Hexadecimal field

Q. What are the different functions used in sap script? What are the parameters used in each Function?

Ans There are three different functions used in SAP Script:

1) OPEN_FORM

2) WRITE_FORM

3) CLOSE_FORM

Parameters in Each Function:

1) OPEN_FORM –

Exporting

Form

Language

2) WRITE_FORM –

Exporting

Element

Window

3) CLOSE_FORM

Q. What is sequence of event triggered in report?

Ans There are 6 events in report:

1) Initialization

2) At Selection-Screen

3) Start-of-Selection

4) Get

5) Get Late

6) End-of-Selection

7) Top-of-Page

8) End-of-Page

9) At Line Selection

10) At User Command

11) At PF (nn)

Q. What are standard layouts sets in the SAP Script?

Ans There are four standard layouts in the SAP Script:

1) Header

2) Logo

3) Main Window

4) Footer

Q. What are the various types of selection screen event?

Ans. SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK ABC WITH FRAME TITLE T01.

SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF SCREEN 500 AS WINDOW.

CALL SELECTION-SCREEN 500 STARTING AT 10 10.
Q.       What is a Logical Database?

Ans      Logical Databases are special ABAP programs that retrieve data and make it available to application programs. Use of LDB – is used to read data from database tables by linking them to executable ABAP programs. 

Q.       What are the events used for Logical Database?

Ans      Two Events – 

1)         GET - This is the most important event for executable programs that use a logical database. It occurs when the logical database has read a line from the node <table> and made it available to the program in the work area declared using the statement NODES <table>. The depth to which the logical database is read is determined by the GET statements

 2)        PUT - The PUT statement directs the program flow according to the structure of   the logical database.

Q.       What is the difference between Get and Get Late?

Ans      GET - After the logical database has read an entry from the node <table>.

 GET LATE - After all of the nodes of the logical database have been processed that are below <table> in the database hierarchy.